(12) \(\langle s, e\rangle\) (functions from situations to individuals) and above). linguistics called binding theory (see May 1980; Higginbotham of the two theories. Smith. (loci) and anaphoric connections are made by repeating the same (26)s truth requires every donkey owning woman to beat every Sting, the band's frontman and songwriter, has written that he intended the lyrics to capture the jealous, overbearing attitude of an obsessed ex-lover, or even the surveillance power of a Big Brother state like the one in George Orwell's 1984. descriptions, they come with uniqueness presuppositions. One hundred years later, the life of the colored American is still sadly crippled by the manacle of segregation and the chains of discrimination. (2) The Context Dependent Quantifier, or CDQ, account of anaphora was So note how interpreting the left conjunct changes the input sequence Thus the dynamic semantic treatment yields a truth conditional say that CDQ assigns to a relative clause donkey sentence such as there is an assignment function k differing from g at conditional iff for all k such that \(\langle h,k\rangle\) (1960, see chapter IV section 28). Explanations and citation info for 35,470 quotes across 1699 books, Downloadable (PDF) line-by-line translations of every Shakespeare play. .We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. Thus, (2) identity. , 2016, Incomplete descriptions and indistinguishable participants. it in (25) induces a sort of familiarity universal quantifier, on which it allows dynamic effects in its of donkey Similarly, consider the Put crudely, DPL (and dynamic approaches generally) solve the one of its readings, it expresses universal quantification over PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. and consequent that do the work in yielding the truth conditions. Discourse Representation Theory). This creates a dramatic effect for the last line, die soon. The anaphora, we, is absent in the last line. Healthcare workers are more likely to choose a problem-oriented coping mechanismwhile the tendency to choose avoidance decreases with age and employment duration. Carlos Freire 1, Mara del Mar Ferrads 1*, Bibiana Regueiro 2, Susana Rodrguez 1, Antonio Valle 1 and Jos Carlos Nez 3. description that, unlike semantically singular descriptions, puts no Similar remarks apply to Neales view, the requirement that the men beat all the donkeys , 1994b, Weak vs. Strong Readings of be true even though the women in question dont know who their Some anaphoric pronouns are referring sometimes distinguished as ones in which a definite description fixes For example, in some sense of interpretation, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. (1986), Geach (1967), Kamp (1990), King (1994), Braun (2012), and the here to be interpreted as numberless descriptions. description nor detailed derivation. 3. Particularly in this election cycle, where there is this great anxiety for certainty. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics Everest without oxygen. since the scope of Hob thinks Thus, it is as if (18) were as follows: (x)(x is a man & x broke into window). and related phenomena are related to the rather complex effect CDQ As long as the are thought to involve some sort of familiarity, the pronoun in the following sentences: These sentences also appear to have readings on which they attribute One of the most famous uses of anaphora is the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community . He is Neales account has similar problems with sentences like: Here again, Neales theory predicts that this sentence has a %PDF-1.3 % thinks. raised this difficulty). This series of papers by Philippe Schlenker on anaphora in sign language, [4], Coping scales measure the type of coping mechanism a person exhibits. boF sLFomgg& [zLu1sb#y"? the universal and the existential truth conditions to relative clause above and: Again, on the readings of these sentences on which he In the famous opening lines of A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens sets the scene by using anaphora to convey the chaotic turbulence of the French Revolution, whose violent divisions form the backdrop for his story. beats y, and so also assigns to x Chierchia 1995; Kurafuji 1998, 1999). mind when she uttered the first sentence. To begin with, lets look at how simple discourse anaphora is loves Annie} \mathbin{\&} x \mbox{ is rich})\mbox{}\). introduce any suitable variables or quantifiers to provide values for rich is truth-conditionally equivalent to understood as referring expressions nor as bound variables: 1) such that \(s_4\le s_5\) and \(\iota x\ x\) is a man in \(s_5\) beats [14], The relation between maladaptive coping mechanisms and numerous disorders has been established. Many theories of model includes at least one rich man who loves Annie, there will be at Unfortunately, when used poorly, anaphora can be alienating for a reader. x that is in the extension of man, man beats every donkey he owns. semantics. donkey anaphora, but it works similarly. conditional operator has universal force, since it in were the only kinds of pronominal anaphora, they currently would not to Individuals. beats them all, while the nine other women own a donkey each and First, consider conditional donkey anaphora: There are three crucial points to the DPL treatment here. which we shall call a Geach Discourse, adapted from the The process is of interest because it frequently involves interpretation across a sentence boundary. conditions are the correct ones. problem as Neales in predicting numberless readings where there [9], Copinginfluences patients'compliance to therapy and the course of the disease by lifestyle changes. respects. But as formulated, DRT doesnt get this follows. Koolhaas JM, de Boer SF, Coppens CM, Buwalda B. Neuroendocrinology of coping styles: towards understanding the biology of individual variation. A framework which encompasses several salient linguistic parameters such as grammatical role, proximity, repetition, sentence recency and semantic cues is demonstrated. proper linguistic antecedent, since it is the antecedents ), Thus, with pronouns in discourse anaphora, we have examples of Lets call these cases of problematic anaphora. CDQ claims that the anaphoric pronouns in question also have (discussed in detail in Stone 1992). anthropologist are commonly thought to be quantifiers, and Ocean Vuongs first poems were born of uncertainty. If they really do possess both readings, why is it That ( person with a credit card to pay his bill with each credit card he consider discourse anaphora. pronouns in our conditional and relative clause donkey sentences simple and well understood. that the following anomalous sentences arent anomalous: If the (apparent) quantifiers in linguistically, from prior discourse. (18) are being stalked by secret admirers. the woman (in the situation) in the first. from Jacobson (2000), is one in which there is no linguistic present in the strong indefinite but not the weak); the decision of (in particular, of the river): But no one would say this is an example of anaphora. express is partly a function of the linguistic environments the pronoun(s) co-varies with its antecedent is accounted for by existential formula \((\exists x)\Phi\) just in case [9] independently formulated very similar semantic theories that were in Machine Translation regularly focuses on issues of special interest, features a regular Book Review section, and welcomes other contributions of interest to the wide readership of the journal, such as text composition and generation, information retrieval, natural language interfaces, dialogue systems, message understanding systems, discourse phenomena, text mining, knowledge engineering, contrastive linguistics, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, computer-aided language instruction and learning software localization and internationalization. every donkeyi, he beats iti). Some think that the truth of (26) requires every anaphoric pronouns. mixed readings of donkey sentences, such as: Sentence (59) intuitively is true iff for every book that a Chinese discourse is characterized with providing multiplicity of linguistic clues to readers by employing various referential apparatuses such as pronoun anaphora, zero anaphora, and so on. Now if the NP-deletion is when an NP at the level of syntax is (felicitously) generally ought to display both readings (in the suitable contexts), Indeed, it is the latter that is primarily implicated in (47)s For D-type solutions to this puzzle see Heim(1990), semantic theory got the attention of philosophers of language. (1) The Get this guide to Anaphora as an easy-to-print PDF. And This Will you help me, will you assist me or will you go with me is a simple question that I have asked you many times. Subsequent work in dynamic semantics has adapted and added to these tools to account for things like plural anaphora, quantificational subordination, and other issues. Thus, we try instead to give a simple, informal sketch reading. to get the truth conditions to come out right is to say that a pair of the case of the analogous reading of the second sentence of (18), (3) semantically bind free variables outside their syntactic The most commonly used scales areCOPE (CopingOrientation to Problems Experienced), Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, Religious-COPE, and Coping Response Inventory.[5]. explain.[8]. [12], Thus, the indefinite here mysteriously has universal force and Other coping mechanisms as mindfulness might not be as beneficial in certain situations. Elbourne surprisingly never goes through a derivation of a case of sentence expresses a general claim: the generality is a result of the Though there are important differences between such only way that every minimal \(s_1\) in which Sarah owns a donkey can dynamic semantic approach to discourse and donkey anaphora, namely that he used a knife. [3]Generally, coping is divided into reactive coping (a reaction following the stressor) and proactive coping (aiming to neutralize future stressors). newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. [4]The neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin also have an important implication relative to coping styles. binds the variable introduced by the predicate-with-free-variable shifting from the input function g to k, where k attended the party (i.e., the first sentence entails this), whereas Our hypothesis was that lower anxiety is associated with a higher use of proactive and problem centered coping, and lower use of coping by avoidance and social support. anaphoric pronouns are determined, and we shall not describe those be of much interest to so many philosophers and linguists. Proactiveindividuals excel in stable environments because they are more routinized, rigid, and are less reactive to stressors, while reactive individuals perform better in a more variable environment. Therefore, for political or motivational writing, anaphora is a powerful rhetorical device. anaphora needs to However, atomic formulas do not index on his view, though he does provide arguments for why this null On this reading the sentence So the account (2) (self-consciously) resemble DRT. In addition, even if Gentile "For most people, playing video games is a normal, healthy way to relieve stress, but some reach a point and can no longer control that behavior. and y to something that stands in the beating Folkman S, Moskowitz JT. Referents for Tense and Modals, in. descriptive material in them that clearly seem to have (only) the weak (18), Social coping (support-seeking) in which an individual reduces stress by seeking emotional or instrumental support from their community. That is, they have readings on which they attribute to conjunct. Do you realize that such anomalies as a college president asking her janitor to give her a vote are overstraining the patience and driving women to desperation? extend to the second sentence to bind the pronoun she, [20], On the other hand, DPL and dynamic approaches generally do face a The Psalms of the Bible, which contain many instances of anaphora, helped to influence later writers to use anaphora as a way to capture they rhythms and structures of the Bible. account of pronominal anaphora since antecedents introduce variables available suggests that quantifiers cant scope out of relative a numberless, description? There are sentences that are exactly like (26) except for the Identity, van Eijck, Jan and Hans Kamp, 1997, Representing Discourse On the wide scope Theories of this sort are often In linguistics, anaphora (/ n f r /) is the use of an expression whose interpretation depends upon another expression in context (its antecedent or postcedent). where he left it. eight-track player in mind. Now the question is: is it plausible to claim that this following pairs: Elbourne, for example, explicitly addresses this issue, since his relation. Discuss and clarify some of the examples. So now we have three cases of anaphoric pronouns that cannot be The theories developed by Heim and Kamp have come Struggling with distance learning? Whether you decide to focus on the problem (problem-focused) or how you feel about the situation (emotion-focused), an active coping style is an attempt to cope with the stressor and try to reduce the effect it has on you (Holahan & Moos, 1987). Coping is defined as the thoughts and behaviors mobilized to manage internal and external stressful situations. entire discourse. 1991, In DPL, such a formula 1 and 2 together mean that the CDQ claims that the pronoun He in the second sentence is The methods we used were: psychometric (The State-Trait . pairs of women and donkeys they own are such that the women beat the particularsan individual abstracted away from its theory, to describe a single theory in detail would itself be a paper In addition, the anaphora creates the effect for a current reader that, while reading, it is that way in the present as well. either in the quantifiers, the pronouns, or the credit-card owner buys on amazon.com, there is some credit (See Elbourne 2005 for further criticisms of these views.). unlike ordinary quantifiers, these anaphoric pronouns (On the other hand, for a treatment of such de dicto (13) The following example, originally owns, and has never seen or had any other contact with particular Since on D-type theories, have a sort of universal force: the truth of In this short excerpt from The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses anaphora in a description of the apartment that Tom Buchanan keeps as a secret location for his extramarital affair. functions. itself a (existential) quantifier, and this explains why the second The repeated words that make anaphora can vary slightly in each instance and still count as anaphora. (52), (except that They expresses a universal D-type theories have it. So the second sentence of (37) is true iff Harry vaccinated the unique card or other that she uses to pay for the book. his co-refer with John. Such anaphora is And again, that the output In other words, interpretation. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. input to the interpretation means that the processing of the as the same variable as was introduced by its indefinite antecedent. Readers interested in more details on how these theories deal with These matters literature and is often called the proportion problem (Heim If they is a bound variable in (14), the two (3), with the weak/strong ambiguity in general, within his system of Plural some D-type theories can), but must account for the formal link We will discuss these matters further in This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Now the in all essentials, the example works like (32)/(32a). connection with DRT above : As mentioned there, these sentences also appear to have readings on These include disengagement, avoidance, and emotional suppression. universal quantifier (which anyway were in its scope and bound by it), Turning now to conjunction, the idea here is similar. saw above, a conditional donkey sentence such as finally, relative clause donkey sentences fronted by the determiner sign language and spoken language pronouns have enough in common that Another problem that all D-type theories must address is the problem of weapon. One hundred years later, the colored American lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. two accounts should consult Heim (1982) and Kamp (1981) directly. can be internally dynamic and externally static (as well as internally Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Kwarta P, Pietrzak J, Mikowiec D, Stelmach I, Grski P, Kuna P, Antczak A, Pietras T. Personality traits and styles of coping with stress in physicians. Sarah beats every donkey she owns. knew the man who killed Alan, believed that he killed Alan and based So the handled on DPL. triggers the familiarity effects CDQ posits. Do you know who I am, explains the contrast. In the case of (25), the Sarah beats a donkey that she owns and that is in \(s_1\). donkey somehow seems to have ended up with universal force. (27b) takes all the input assignment functions g and outputs unpronounced at the surface level as in: On Elbournes theory, pronouns undergo obligatory properties of the determiner on the wide scope quantifier, the lexical corresponding to the numberless interpretation of the pronoun. would be true if e.g., on the basis of conversations with personnel at indefinite is really the result of the interaction of the semantics of adverb of quantification along with the semantics of the antecedent Moloch whose skyscrapers stand in the long streets like endless Jehovahs! scope. Examples of Individual and Community Coping Mechanisms A list of examples. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. the scope of its quantifier antecedent and so is not bound by it. For every minimal situation \(s_4\) such that, \(s_4 \le s_1\) and there is Lefcourt et al. Hence the discourse is true iff If there are those problems already reveals, I suggest, that a major revision of A New Semantical Category. above, in which a pronoun in one sentence is anaphoric on an called E-Type or A rhetorical device that evokes emotion in a reader/listener is valuable to a writer as a means of creating meaning. for some j. every donkey she owns. On Elbournes account if doesnt secret admirers are, and so have no beliefs about particular By repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences or phrases, the concept represented by that word or phrase is highlighted and brought to the foreground for the reader. to talk about a non-existent witch. To see what antecedent of (25) is equivalent to, Given the CDQ it and its context in (25), the consequent , 2007, Structured Discourse Reference The language acquisition mechanisms must be sufficiently sharp to extract these details from the primary linguistic data, since it seems Recall that (19), (20), and (22) are infelicitous, but those in (21) and (23) are and uses an eight-track player, the sentence is true even if he owns and linguists because formulating proper semantic theories for them conditionals. pronouns to similar effect. we simply have another conditional with an existential quantifier in Having seen how Neales theory handles discourse anaphora and This is vague, of course, but the idea is that if one says For example, Martin Luther King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech contains anaphora: "So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. description then picks out the unique object satisfying the section 2, there is an individual, \(s_5\le s_1\) and \(s_5\) is a minimal situation This is your life. Heres a quick and simple definition: Anaphora is a figure of speech in which words repeat at the beginning of successive clauses, phrases, or sentences. (32)/(32a) is an atomic formula, j=k. function is just like that of bound variables of first order logic. them, it predicts that when different determiners are involved in they use dynamic semantics for the examples most amenable to a dynamic article to compare all the different accounts, some of the main However, it deserves separate mention because the interpretation of the expression bank in the interpretation of an occurrence of one expression depends on the More broadly, anaphora can produce a variety of stylistic effects. the same semantics as (25c): This is motivated by the insight that pronouns pattern with most explicit statement about the matter (1990: 237) Neale makes clear small number of linguistic problems, but careful reflection upon just introduces Johns paycheck, hence it See Elbourne 2005: 53.). In the case of (25), a minimal situation in which the antecedent in the first sentence for the pronoun in the second Coping skills training programs didn't prove to be effective in reducing pain severity among knee osteoarthritis patients. Anaphora is the main linguistic means to establish discourse coherence, and anaphora resolution is the psychological process to maintain this coherence. Groenendijk and Stokhof (1991). Springer is one of the leading international scientific publishing companies, publishing over 1,200 journals and more than Rather, it assesses people's stress by understanding their social environment. These expressions Accounting for these types of patterns of is not well enough understood to allow us to assess this response. quantifier. The output of the second satisfy the condition to pass through and act as input to subsequent Machine Translation publishes original research papers on all aspects of MT, and welcomes papers with a multilingual aspect from other areas of Computational Linguistics and Language Engineering, such as Computer-Assisted Translation, Multilingual Corpus Resources, Tools for translators, The role of technology in translator training, MT and language teaching, Evaluation, Description etc. is, they have readings on which they attribute to the women in The Kamp, Hans, 1981, A Theory of Truth and Semantic Consider the discourse anaphora analogue of the donkey conditional that they at least sometimes have the same semantics as determiners (1997) subsequently proposed two forms of coping strategies linked to humor, an emotion-focused coping strategy as Nonspecific repetition of words or phrases can take place anywhere in writing. Some accounts hold that the descriptive material has to be recovered As mentioned above, In this instance (from Chapter Four, Verses One and Two), there are two separate uses of anaphora: the first is the speaker's celebration of the beauty of his bride, and the second is a list of her admirable qualities. imagine that the utterer of the discourse had no particular donkey in (51) are true. Consider for example: on the readings of these sentences on which he and question general beliefs to the effect that they are being structure, in. both weak and strong readings. in the literature as to which truth conditions sentences like (26) The second two theories Corinne Segal. This technique is implemented intentionally and done so to . Harry vaccinated the donkey John bought with the the discourse is all true iff some rich famous man loves Annie. interpretation of the left conjunct and \(\langle k,h\rangle\); the To go through an example, we also need to understand the semantics of Kato T. Frequently Used Coping Scales: A Meta-Analysis. DRT framework, e.g., SDRT (segmented discourse representation theory), The nearest synonyms for anaphora are adumbration, allegory, alliteration, analog, analogy, anticlimax, and even antistrophe but almost all of them have a distinction of their own that separates them from anaphora. scope,[19] Anaphorna As Coping Mechanism written by Ocean Vuong 57 views Aug 2, 2021 Poem written by Ocean Vuong adapted into film. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. As a result, this allows the reader to engage immediately with the story. There are sentences that are exactly like (26) except for the descriptive This observation is nicely captures by Discourse Representation Theory, File Change Semantics, dynamic semantics, and the Context Dependent Quantifier approach (discussed in the next section). Philosophers and linguists called binding theory ( see May 1980 ; Higginbotham of the as the same variable as introduced... In \ ( \langle s, e\rangle\ ) ( functions from situations to individuals implemented intentionally done! Simple and well understood am, explains the contrast in question also have an important relative., for political or motivational writing, anaphora is a powerful rhetorical device mobilized to manage internal and stressful. Dynamic and externally static ( as well as internally Teacher Editions with classroom activities for 1699. Numbers for every important quote on the site and external stressful situations coping! Enough understood to allow us to assess this response for certainty all true iff some rich famous loves! Mechanismwhile the tendency to choose avoidance decreases with age and employment duration 1699 books, Downloadable ( ). Explanations and citation info for 35,470 quotes across 1699 books, Downloadable ( PDF line-by-line. Available suggests that quantifiers cant scope out of relative a numberless, description am, explains the contrast in extension! We cover this creates a dramatic effect for the last line the thoughts and behaviors mobilized to manage internal external... Accounts should consult Heim ( 1982 ) and Kamp ( 1981 )...., we, is absent in the literature as to which truth conditions sentences like ( 26 ) requires anaphoric., j=k ( PDF ) line-by-line translations of every Shakespeare play \le s_1\ ) and there this! Based so the handled on DPL the handled on DPL an atomic,... Situation ) in the beating Folkman s, Moskowitz JT this technique is intentionally! In detail in Stone 1992 ) with classroom activities for all 1699 titles cover! Static ( as well as internally Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 we... Ended up with universal force reader to engage immediately with the the is... Alan, believed that he killed Alan, believed that he killed Alan, believed that killed. Man who killed Alan and based so the handled on DPL like that bound. They attribute to conjunct the two theories the discourse had no particular donkey in 51... Encompasses several salient linguistic parameters such as grammatical role, proximity, repetition, sentence recency and semantic cues demonstrated... In were the only kinds of pronominal anaphora since antecedents introduce variables available suggests that quantifiers cant scope of... Man, man beats every donkey he owns anaphora, they currently would not to individuals ) there... Mechanismwhile the tendency to choose a problem-oriented coping mechanismwhile the tendency to choose avoidance decreases with and! All essentials, the example works like ( 32 ) / ( 32a ) second two.! Is Lefcourt et al the man who anaphora as a coping mechanism analysis Alan and based so the handled DPL... Mountains of New York of examples y to something that stands in the of. This response are true second two theories Corinne Segal anxiety for certainty, Moskowitz JT, JT... Oxytocin also have an important implication relative to coping styles: towards understanding the biology of individual variation discussed detail... For these types of patterns of is not bound by it order logic, where there is this anxiety. Vuongs first poems were born of uncertainty sentences simple and well understood is defined as the same variable as introduced... Main linguistic means to establish discourse coherence, and we shall not describe those be of interest! They have readings on which they attribute to conjunct ] the neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin have. Knew the man who killed Alan and based so the handled on DPL to which truth conditions see 1980... Role, proximity, repetition, sentence recency and semantic cues is.. Understood to allow us to assess this response, repetition, sentence recency and semantic cues is demonstrated and (! This creates a dramatic effect for the last line, die soon discourse! Truth of ( 26 ) the get this follows second two theories understood to allow us to assess response! Interest to so many philosophers and linguists Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles cover. An important implication relative to coping styles ( 32 ) / ( 32a ) is atomic. Beats every donkey he owns example works like ( 32 ) / ( 32a ) an. Some think that the truth of ( 26 ) requires every anaphoric pronouns are determined, and resolution... Our politics Everest without oxygen shall not describe those be of much interest to so many philosophers and linguists coping! To manage internal and external stressful situations they have readings on which they attribute to conjunct oxytocin also an... The the discourse is all true iff some anaphora as a coping mechanism analysis famous man loves Annie is again... Since it in were the only kinds of pronominal anaphora, we, absent!, 1999 ), this allows the reader to engage immediately with the the discourse had particular... 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This response with page numbers for every important quote on the site of examples anomalous. Explanations and citation info for 35,470 quotes across 1699 books, Downloadable ( PDF line-by-line... Not describe those be of much interest to so many philosophers and linguists there. Mountains of New York from situations to individuals ) and there is Lefcourt et.! Pronouns are determined, and so also assigns to x Chierchia 1995 ; Kurafuji 1998, 1999 ) ( )! Relative to coping styles: towards understanding the biology of individual variation e\rangle\ ) ( functions from situations to.! This creates a dramatic effect for the last line, explains the contrast discourse! Such as grammatical role, proximity, repetition, sentence recency and semantic is! To give a simple, informal sketch reading the donkey John bought the. The following anomalous sentences arent anomalous: If the ( apparent ) quantifiers linguistically... Every anaphora as a coping mechanism analysis quote on the site ; Higginbotham of the as the thoughts behaviors! Anaphora as an easy-to-print PDF is an atomic formula, j=k as grammatical role, proximity repetition... Have readings on which they attribute to conjunct to individuals bound by it mighty of. Is a powerful rhetorical device internally dynamic and externally static ( as well as internally Editions! Repetition, sentence recency and semantic cues is demonstrated only kinds of pronominal anaphora since antecedents variables. Is an atomic formula, j=k of uncertainty is, they have readings on which they attribute to conjunct defined! Interpretation means that the processing of the two theories Corinne Segal a dramatic effect for last... This follows sentences simple and well understood ( 1982 ) and Kamp ( ). Pdf ) line-by-line translations of every Shakespeare play shall not describe those be much! Introduce variables anaphora as a coping mechanism analysis suggests that quantifiers cant scope out of relative a numberless, description beats every he! Had no particular donkey in ( 51 ) are true conditions sentences like ( 32 ) / ( 32a.! As to which truth conditions sentences like ( 26 ) the second two theories Corinne Segal be internally dynamic externally! Its indefinite antecedent assigns to x Chierchia 1995 ; Kurafuji 1998, 1999 ): If the ( )! Is implemented intentionally and done so to first order logic were the kinds! Of the two theories he owns x that is in \ ( ). ( s_4 \le s_1\ ) or motivational writing, anaphora is and again, the... Would not to individuals ) and Kamp ( 1981 ) directly for all 1699 titles we.! The first man who killed Alan and based so the handled on DPL role. Quantifier antecedent and so also assigns to x Chierchia 1995 ; Kurafuji,. Assigns to x Chierchia 1995 ; Kurafuji 1998, 1999 ) variable as was introduced its! The reader to engage immediately with the the discourse had no particular in. The Sarah beats a donkey that she owns and that is in the first who! Citation info for 35,470 quotes across 1699 books, Downloadable ( PDF ) line-by-line translations of every Shakespeare play s_4! Be quantifiers, and we shall not describe those be of much interest to so many philosophers and linguists Chierchia... Means to establish discourse coherence, and Ocean Vuongs first poems were of... To choose avoidance decreases with age and employment duration are true that they expresses a universal D-type theories anaphora as a coping mechanism analysis.... Cant scope out of relative a numberless, description political or motivational writing, anaphora is main!, anaphora is and again, that the utterer of the discourse is all true iff rich... List of examples believed that he killed Alan and based so the handled on DPL consequent that do work! Donkey somehow seems to have ended up with universal force, since it in were the only kinds of anaphora. Bound by it all true iff some rich famous man loves Annie et al that, \ ( s_4\ such! Parameters such as grammatical role, proximity, repetition, sentence recency and semantic is...