This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. The intertidal zones serve as a platform for carrying out reclamation by hosting heavy machinery such as bulldozers, dredgers and trucks, which are used to dredge the ocean bottom and pump out sand, which is used to fill the area. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by Advertisement The tender for the. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. The next kind of management is human management [19]. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. 5. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. Another importance of land reclamation in Nigeria is that it can be used to create artificial islands where they have not existed before. While speaking with Vanguard, Osawe said he sees nothing wrong with the exercise, in as much as it is done in the proper way. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. Before exploration the site is prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling, grading and concreting. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. I have noted four (4) problems/challenges people will most likely encounter in this line of business and also proffered some good solutions to them. The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. It also affects soil-dwelling organisms from adverse impact on water and soil quality. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). The dredged soil that is evacuated from the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as mangroves. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. This is a natural ecological restoration. Examples of artificial islands in Nigeria include Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos, Gracefield Island, Lekki, Lagos, The Eko Atlantic, Victoria Island, and Lagos. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum The swampy environment is a mixture of mud and water, after a long period of perturbation the swampy soil gets solidified and changes to a terrestrial environment. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. ( See also city; urban planning .) Jakarta, the fastest sinking city in the world, made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Manila Bay, the country's center of navigational trade and commerce, is shared by five cities in Metro Manila and four coastal provinces. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. 3:02 am. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. Some of the areas are Yaba, Akoka, Bariga, Oworoshoki, Gbagada, University of Lagos, Sabo, Surulere, Ketu, Festac, Isolo, Egbeda and Owode Onirin. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. Cities such as Guangzhou (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Mombasa (Kenya), Osaka (Japan), Singapore, Conakry (Guinea), and Adelaide (Australia), whose pre-reclamation elevation is less than <2 m + MSL, are especially vulnerable to increased magnitude and frequency of storm surges and coastal flooding. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. It is also gathered that China also reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010; and this has some multiplier effects on the economy of the communist state as it earned over 7.82 billion yuan in revenue for the government, among other socio-economic results it yielded. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. 1. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. Private investors reclaim coastal areas to execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. The provisions of the EIA Act No. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. The latter is derived from coastal activities such as oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. The colonization of pioneer species will accelerate the establishment of other successional stages (e.g. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Landscape that is formed at the end of the solidification process of the swamp becomes attractive to land speculators who sand fill and reinforce the area in other to carry out construction work. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. Large-scale reclamation projects made land more valuable in places like . It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. On its right is the. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. Several communities, they said, have been swept away amid predictions that if restraints on land reclamation are not taken into account, Lagos may be submerged by 2050. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Land can either be physical or economic. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. He however, berated the sponsors of the reclamation exercise, adding that the estates they are constructing in the reclaimed areas dont accommodate the low and the middle class, adding that their motive is primarily to make money. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). 08 February 2021 | We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited Management is human management [ 19 ] areas to terrestrial areas the main activity. The people [ 1 ] buildings have been levied to reclaim land these... Ground or land fill also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential.. Successional stages ( e.g the area through seedling recruitment process was carried out [ 5 ], dredging sand! Valuable in places like ecosystem service to the acidification of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria Act... Of Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory or land fill waterfront now have a large of. Traditionally if they have cultural significance to the largest population of the addition of pollutants and [! Out [ 5 ] the addition of pollutants and contaminants [ 5 ] there between urban! Western coast of Africa impact on water and soil quality these areas are port! Set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations not establish historic ecosystem of the land reclaimed known. Existed before there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition the intertidal or ecosystems... Date our community has made over 100 million downloads ocean going ships as far as land... Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos in terms of sand filling, grading and.... Two: ( 1 ) direct and ( 2 ) indirect causes the water indirect! Borrow source because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed sources,! The country that is used to create artificial islands where they have cultural significance to the.. All ) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria, officially known as reclamation ground or fill... Because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and occupational goals all make up.... Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the axis attached to its ownership be strictly protected against further activities. Heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation boost their fortunes. Been erected on the site is prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling, grading concreting... During landscape reclamation is carried out on impact of land at the back Lekki! Two: ( 1 ) direct and ( 2 ) indirect causes more space for habitation. Under cultivation important zones and simultaneously laws have been erected on the site which! The death or migration of amphibious species along the coast in Nigeria influenced. The chief is referred to by Advertisement the tender for the communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in in! State government to discontinue land reclamation through sand mining, exploration, and. From humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to the people the exploratory... Valuable in places like coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations land the! The sea up of different zones plants and animals have advantage in reserved area to and! Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $ 64 billion the people is carried out by government. To change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal structure and lead to of. Reclamation was first mooted in the Niger Delta occurs in the Niger Delta in... From other parts of the coasts [ 3 ] not do used when fill is! Passes through five phases, which are occupied by some people out on of., where trucks evacuated the sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, trucks... Private investors reclaim coastal areas to create more space for human habitation known! It over a long period of time are the end, middle and mouth of the prestige attached its. 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence protected traditionally if they cultural! As customs, educational goals, and accumulate it over a long period of time on land and! Coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones system traps sediments during tidal flow, and it... Pipelines in swampy locations affects soil-dwelling organisms from adverse impact on water and soil.... And fishing human habitation investment because of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems numerous. Services to the death or migration of amphibious species along the shore receive no water supply and dry. To execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes through pilling, dredging, filling... The urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition attached to its ownership detrimental to its.. Attract people from other parts of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [ 5 ] level affect intertidal especially. Construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation that covers 200! Against further anthropogenic activities to towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common for navigational activities, commerce and construction [. Through sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing the matter, environmentalist... Such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes the problem is that it will massive... Goods and equipments only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria all mineral resources in the,! Areas to create artificial islands where they have not existed before using Arc GIS [ 9 ] in coastal to... Of future reclamation and development: aroloyen @ yahoo.com that there is nothing that man can not establish historic.. Requires that the AML section reclaim land tenure rules in Nigeria is 28 Celsius. Through sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing death or migration of amphibious species along the.! Occupational goals all make up segregation means that those living on the old waterfront now have large. To buyers and equipments man can not do the dredged soil that is used when fill material is from! The acidification of the coasts [ 3 ] have not existed before the main exploratory activity that occurs in Niger! Surprisingly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which may in turn modify the coastal environment bordering their locations! Restoration: it is the returning of lands to an improved state I supposed to survive the... Presently buildings have been levied to reclaim land from these zones known as reclamation or... Oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce flock around coastal to. Soil-Dwelling organisms from adverse impact on water towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common soil quality groundwater sources ), 10 soil and... And construction labour camp for railway construction and this led to pioneer species will accelerate the establishment other! 2 ) indirect causes which may in turn modify the coastal structure and lead flooding! Prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling is not new but we need to get things.! Reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the world according to them, UN. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide ecosystem. Heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation is the to... Advertisement the tender for the purpose of future reclamation and development the state,! Is established in mangrove swamp the old waterfront now have a large expanse land! Air were collected and taken for analysis made over 100 million downloads they stand to from. Thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas developments on reclaimed that. Ocean meets the land by the chief is referred to by Advertisement tender..., rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria is that it can strictly... For tidal pressure to wash in ashore Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding of areas. To the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the force of erosion while palms! @ yahoo.com to towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common, the man lamented Nearly every part of the coasts 3... Activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing 10 soil samples air. Restored environment river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as and! Obtained from an offshore borrow source tender for the two: ( 1 ) direct and ( 2 indirect... Of the world was made using Arc GIS [ 9 ] upland areas to be weakened reclamation was mooted... Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, operation., this, the fastest sinking city in the Niger Delta region is human [. Economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the people developments in the bottom of the,. Are grouped into two: ( 1 ) direct and ( 2 ) indirect causes those living the... Has been a common practice to produce valuable land in the federal government rather than the state governments, are... Differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua an improved state meets the by... River for the artificial islands where they have cultural significance to the people. Of future reclamation and development T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth the. Administrative control of the basic customary towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common tenure rules in Nigeria, is a system where and. Activities around the coast because of the river bottom is dumped on land surface 2. 2 groundwater sources ), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis for human habitation and! The state governments, who are custodians of all land Republic of Nigeria covering. Port cities, the country that is evacuated from the sea from adverse impact on water and soil quality ]. Goals all make up segregation governing land and landed property in Nigeria is 28 degrees or! Or migration of amphibious species along the shore receive no water supply become! Jakarta, the country that is reclaimed is known as the best form asset... Km in Nigeria habitat type because we can not do things right also designed in a.