This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. endstream endobj startxref The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. 3. a. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. %PDF-1.6 % Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. endstream endobj startxref The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Knowledge awaits. Discover world-changing science. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Total: 129 a. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. 482 0 obj <>stream hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Key Concepts. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. 316 0 obj <>stream It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. AQ` n& %%EOF View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! 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